Digital Self-Management and Psychological Well-Being in Hypertensive Patients: The Mediating Role of Adherence Across the Life Course

Abstract

Hypertension remains a major global health concern, with low adherence to self-care contributing to poor psychological outcomes and disease management. This study aims to examine the effect of digital self-management on psychological well-being among hypertensive patients, with adherence as a mediating variable within a life-course perspective. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest approach was employed involving hypertensive patients who received a digital self-management intervention. Data were collected using validated instruments measuring self-management behavior, treatment adherence, and psychological well-being. Statistical analysis was conducted using mediation analysis to assess both direct and indirect effects. The results indicated that digital self-management significantly improved psychological well-being (p < 0.05). Furthermore, adherence partially mediated the relationship between digital self-management and psychological well-being, demonstrating a significant indirect effect. These findings highlight that improved adherence serves as a key mechanism through which digital interventions influence psychological outcomes. In conclusion, digital self-management is an effective approach to enhance psychological well-being in hypertensive patients, particularly when adherence is strengthened across different life stages. This study underscores the importance of integrating digital health interventions with psychosocial strategies to improve long-term health outcomes.